Aspectos generales y clínicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento del tumor cutáneo de mastocitos en perros (1990 a 2024)
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Abstract
Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar aspectos generales de los mastocitomas cutáneos y subcutáneos en perros, dada su relevancia en medicina clínica y cirugía, basándose en publicaciones científicas desde 1990 hasta 2023, para garantizar un abordaje optimizado y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes. La recolección de datos se realizó online, estableciendo el período de 1990 a 2024, y la investigación se llevó a cabo en bases de datos como SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science y Science Direct con temas centrados en los aspectos clínicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los mastocitomas cutáneos en perros. Los descriptores de ciencias de la salud utilizados fueron «aspectos clínicos del mastocitoma cutáneo en perros», «diagnóstico del mastocitoma cutáneo en perros», «mastocitoma cutáneo en perros» y «tratamiento del mastocitoma cutáneo en perros». Cabe destacar que la búsqueda se realizó de manera ordenada, respectivamente, en las bases de datos científicas antes mencionadas, utilizando los indexadores bolivianos”AND y/o OR”. El tumor cutáneo de mastocitos en perros es una de las neoplasias más comunes en esta especie. Este tumor se define como una proliferación exagerada de mastocitos neoplásicos. Ocurre en caninos con edades comprendidas entre ocho y nueve años y no existe predilección sexual. En las células presentes en los tejidos lipídicos existe la presencia de mastocitos, cuyo origen está ligado a la hematopoyesis, manteniendo la proliferación tras su maduración. La identificación de gránulos citoplasmáticos es un hallazgo capaz de indicar tumores de mastocitos maduros, ya que contienen sustancias biológicas activas, histamina y heparina. Para llegar a un diagnóstico certero es necesario realizar exámenes citológicos e histológicos.
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